I

ntroduction

Consumers and manufacturers are affected by the skinning of liquid products such as paints, stains, inks and other coatings. Skinning is a premature, unwanted, film-formation on liquid or slurried product surfaces. Skinning can occur during the manufacturing process, upon storage, in a closed container, and also during application. For the consumer, skinning can cause loss of material and degradation in the appearance of the applied coating. Oxidative drying systems such as paints coatings and inks based on air-drying alkyd resins, epoxy-esters, urethane-alkyd and other modified oils are prone to skinning. Skinning is mainly a storage problem and inevitably results in a loss of coating material and a possible bulk contamination.

The effects of skinning cause overall product quality to suffer because: · The finished product cannot be used immediately. · The skin has to be removed resulting in material losses estimated to be as much as 3 to 5%. · The concentration of driers in the skin is relatively high compared to the remaining coating material, which can lead to prolonged drying time for the remaining material. · Parts of the skin formation can remain in the coating material and degrade the resulting appearance of the coating. The risk of skinning can be reduced with the addition of anti-skinning TM agents such as Troymax Antiskin B, Troymax Antiskin OL, Troymax Antiskin OP and the new advanced Troymax Antiskin OS. Troymax , Antiskin agents each offer unique benefits such as · Package Stability · Effectiveness at Low Use Levels · Easily Incorporated · Prevents Skin Formation · Minimal Effect on Dry Time

S

electing TroymaxTM Anti-Skinning Agents
Table 1

Application Chart
Troymax Antiskin OS Troymax Antiskin OP Troymax Antiskin OL Troymax Antiskin B

Solvent-Based Alkyd Coatings


Lithographic Printing Inks


Dip Coatings


Baking Coatings
Formulation

High Solid Coatings


Low Odor Formulations
Not

Carcinogen-Free Products


Pigment Dispesions


Chart Key:

Recommended

Dependent

Recommended

Comparative Chart at Equal Use Levels
Toxicity Profile Contributes little or no odor Ease of incorporation Imparts little or no effect on film characteristics Compatibility with other coating material-components

Troymax Anti-Skinning Agents Antiskin OS


Antiskin OP


Antiskin OL


Antiskin B


Chart Key:

Very

Good

Good

Poor

Toxicity Profile
Acute Toxicity Eye Irritation Skin Sensitizer CMR Status Moderate High

Chart Key: 2

Low

Concern

Concern

Concern

T

ypical Properties of TroymaxTM Anti-Skinning Agents
Appearance
Yellow

Table 2

Product
Antiskin OS

State
Liquid Crystalline/ Flake Liquid

Density (ALPHA) (Gardner) (20°)
5 905 kg/ m3 923 kg/ m3 923 kg/ m3

Color

Water Freeze/ Viscosity Content Melting Point
37 mpa.s 3°C

Flash Point
62°C

Use Level (%wt/wt) Package Sizes (kg/lbs) Range Typical
0.15%0.50% 0.05%0.20% 0.10%0.30% 0.10%0.30% 0.35% 300/441 45/99 25/55 181/400 45/100 18/40 190/420 45/99

Antiskin OP

White

-

-

-

-

90°C

94°C

0.12%

Antiskin OL

Pale Yellow

-

3

27 mpa.s

-

-

54°C

0.20%

Antiskin B

Colorless

Liquid

1

-

-

0.5%

-

62°C

0.15%

NOTE: The above typical properties should not be considered purchase specifications.

E

ffective Against Skinning

Exhibit 1

A comparison test was performed with Troymax anti-skinning agents to demonstrate the anti-skinning efficacy at different use levels. Troymax anti-skinning agents were added at four different use levels to a clear, long oil alkyd varnish containing 0.03% Cobalt and 0.30% Calcium driers based on resin solids. The sample products were mixed, covered with a lid containing holes and then left at room temperature. The samples were observed daily for the appearance of skin. Exhibit 1 shows that Troymax anti-skinning agents were all very effective for retarding skin formation at relatively low use levels.

E

ffects on Drying

Exhibit 2

Anti-skinning agents, because of their mode of action, extend the time required for paint and coatings to dry. A successful balance between drying time and the anti-skinning function must be found. To test the effect that Troymax anti-skinning agents have on drying time, they were added to a clear, long oil alkyd varnish containing 0.03% Cobalt and 0.30% Calcium driers - all at typical use levels. The four finished products were mixed and stored in closed containers overnight before the drying tests were performed. As Exhibit 2 demonstrates, the use of Troymax anti-skinning agents has minimal effect on dry time.

3

S
·

ervices
An ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001:2004 Certified Company

As a Performance Partner, Troy offers a variety of services to support our product line of preservatives and additives to meet customer needs and provide market solutions. Troy invites you to take advantage of the Troy services that can help you achieve your market objectives. Technical Service representatives can provide formulation assistance, product evaluation, microbiological, analytical, and field testing to assist you in developing an optimum formulation that meets your product objectives. Regulatory support is offered globally with regional and national expertise to meet your needs. R&D scientists constantly work to anticipate future industry needs and develop innovative technologies. Contact your Troy representative to discuss your unique requirement that may not be met by materials currently available on the market. Troy may have just what you need already under development and if not, may be able to work with you to achieve your objective. A global supply network is in place to ensure product availability and fast delivery. Contact your local Troy representative to ensure the product you need is available when you need it.

TROY TR OY T R OY
Troy Corporation
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